Med apply()
metoden kan du skrive en metode, der kan bruges på forskellige genstande.
apply()
Metoden apply()
ligner metoden call()
(forrige kapitel).
I dette eksempel er fullName-metoden for person anvendt på person1:
const person = {
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName: "Mary",
lastName: "Doe"
}
// This will return "Mary Doe":
person.fullName.apply(person1);
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>In this example the fulllName method of person is <b>applied</b> on person1:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.apply(person1);
</script>
</body>
</html>
call()
og apply()
Forskellen er:
Metoden call()
tager argumenter separat.
Metoden apply()
tager argumenter som en matrix.
Apply()-metoden er meget praktisk, hvis du vil bruge et array i stedet for en argumentliste.
apply()
med argumenterMetoden apply()
accepterer argumenter i et array:
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName
+ "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>In this example the fulllName method of person is <b>applied</b> on person1:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Sammenlignet med metoden call()
:
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName
+ "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>This example calls the fullName method of person, using it on person1:
</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
const person2 = {
firstName:"Mary",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Du kan finde det største tal (på en liste over tal) ved at bruge Math.max()
metoden:
Math.max(1,2,3); // Will return 3
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Math.max()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in a list of number arguments:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max(1,2,3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Da JavaScript arrays ikke har en max() metode, kan du anvende Math.max()
-metoden i stedet.
Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Det første argument (nul) er ligegyldigt. Det bruges ikke i dette eksempel.
Disse eksempler vil give det samme resultat:
Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
I streng JavaScript-tilstand, hvis det første argument i apply()
-metoden ikke er et objekt, den bliver ejer (objekt) af den påkaldte funktion. I "ikke-streng" tilstand bliver det det globale objekt.