CSS3 Media Queries - Eksempler
Indholdsfortegnelse
CSS-medieforespørgsler - flere eksempler
Lad os se på nogle flere eksempler på brug af medieforespørgsler.
Medieforespørgsler er en populær teknik til at levere et skræddersyet typografiark til forskellige enheder. For at demonstrere et simpelt eksempel kan vi ændre baggrundsfarven for forskellige enheder:
Eksempel
/* Set the background color of body to tan */
body {
background-color: tan;
}
/* On
screens that are 992px or less, set the background color to blue */
@media
screen and (max-width: 992px) {
body {
background-color: blue;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px or less,
set the
background color to olive */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: olive;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: tan;
color: black;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, the background color is blue */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
body {
background-color: blue;
color: white;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, the background color is olive */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: olive;
color: white;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Resize the browser window to see the effect!</h1>
<p>By default, the background color of the document is "tan". If the screen size is 992px or less, the color will change to "blue". If it is 600px or less, it will change to "olive".</p>
</body>
</html>
Undrer du dig over, hvorfor vi bruger præcis 992px og 600px? De er, hvad vi kalder "typiske brudpunkter" for enheder. Du kan læse mere om typiske breakpoints i vores Responsive Web Design Tutorial.
Medieforespørgsler til menuer
I dette eksempel bruger vi medieforespørgsler til at skabe en responsiv navigationsmenu, der varierer i design på forskellige skærmstørrelser.
Store skærme:
Små skærme:
Eksempel
/* The navbar container */
.topnav {
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
/* Navbar links */
.topnav a {
float:
left;
display: block;
color:
white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the menu links stack on top
of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.topnav a {
float: none;
width:
100%;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
float: left;
display: block;
color: #f2f2f2;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
color: black;
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the menu links stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.topnav a {
float: none;
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Responsive navigation menu</h2>
<p>Resize the browser window to see the effect: When the screen is less than 600px, the navigation menu will be displayed vertically instead of horizontally.</p>
<div class="topnav">
<a href="#">Link</a>
<a href="#">Link</a>
<a href="#">Link</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Medieforespørgsler til kolonner
En almindelig brug af medieforespørgsler er at skabe et fleksibelt layout. I dette eksempel opretter vi et layout, der varierer mellem fire, to og fuld bredde kolonner, afhængigt af forskellige skærmstørrelser:
Large screens:
Medium screens:
Small screens:
Eksempel
/* Create four equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
float: left;
width: 25%;
}
/* On screens that are 992px
wide or less, go from
four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
width: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are
600px wide or less, make
the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.column {
width:
100%;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Create four equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
float: left;
width: 25%;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row:after {
content: "";
display: table;
clear: both;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
width: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.column {
width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Responsive Four Column Layout</h2>
<p><strong>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</strong> On screens that are 992px wide or less, the columns will resize from four columns to two columns. On screens that are 600px wide or less, the columns will stack on top of each other instead of next to eachother.</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="column" style="background-color:#aaa;">
<h2>Column 1</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#bbb;">
<h2>Column 2</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#ccc;">
<h2>Column 3</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#ddd;">
<h2>Column 4</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Tip: En mere moderne måde at skabe kolonnelayout på er at bruge CSS Flexbox (se eksempel nedenfor). Det understøttes dog ikke i Internet Explorer 10 og tidligere versioner. Hvis du har brug for IE6-10-understøttelse, skal du bruge flydere (som vist ovenfor).
For at lære mere om Flexible Box Layout Module, læs vores CSS Flexbox-kapitel.
For at lære mere om Responsive Web Design, læs vores Responsive Web Design Tutorial.
Eksempel
/* Container for flexboxes */
.row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/* Create four equal columns */
.column {
flex: 25%;
padding: 20px;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from
four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
flex: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make
the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.row {
flex-direction: column;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Container for flexboxes */
.row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/* Create four equal columns */
.column {
flex: 25%;
padding: 20px;
}
/* On screens that are 992px wide or less, go from four columns to two columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 992px) {
.column {
flex: 50%;
}
}
/* On screens that are 600px wide or less, make the columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.row {
flex-direction: column;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Responsive Four Column Layout with Flex</h2>
<p><strong>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</strong> On screens that are 992px wide or less, the columns will resize from four columns to two columns. On screens that are 600px wide or less, the columns will stack on top of each other instead of next to eachother.</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="column" style="background-color:#aaa;">
<h2>Column 1</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#bbb;">
<h2>Column 2</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#ccc;">
<h2>Column 3</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
<div class="column" style="background-color:#ddd;">
<h2>Column 4</h2>
<p>Some text..</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Skjul elementer med medieforespørgsler
En anden almindelig brug af medieforespørgsler er at skjule elementer på forskellige skærmstørrelser:
Eksempel
/* If the screen size is 600px wide or less, hide the element */
@media
screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
display: none;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
div.example {
background-color: yellow;
padding: 20px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
display: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hide elements on different screen sizes</h2>
<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>
<p>When the browser's width is 600px wide or less, hide the div element. Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>
</body>
</html>
Skift skriftstørrelse med medieforespørgsler
Du kan også bruge medieforespørgsler til at ændre skriftstørrelsen på et element på forskellige skærmstørrelser:
Variable Font Size.
Eksempel
/* If screen size is more than 600px wide, set the font-size of <div> to 80px */
@media screen and (min-width:
600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 80px;
}
}
/* If screen size is 600px wide, or less,
set the font-size of <div> to 30px */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 30px;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
div.example {
background-color: lightgrey;
padding: 20px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 80px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 30px;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Change the font size of an element on different screen sizes</h2>
<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>
<p>When the browser's width is 600px wide or less, set the font-size of DIV to 30px. When it is 601px or wider, set the font-size to 80px. Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>
</body>
</html>
Fleksibelt billedgalleri
I dette eksempel bruger vi medieforespørgsler sammen med flexbox til at skabe et responsivt billedgalleri:
Eksempel
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial;
}
.header {
text-align: center;
padding: 32px;
}
.row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
padding: 0 4px;
}
/* Create four equal columns that sits next to each other */
.column {
flex: 25%;
max-width: 25%;
padding: 0 4px;
}
.column img {
margin-top: 8px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* Responsive layout - makes a two column-layout instead of four columns */
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
.column {
flex: 50%;
max-width: 50%;
}
}
/* Responsive layout - makes the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.column {
flex: 100%;
max-width: 100%;
}
}
</style>
<body>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<h1>Responsive Image Grid</h1>
<p>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</p>
</div>
<!-- Photo Grid -->
<div class="row">
<div class="column">
<img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/falls2.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/nature.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/mist.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
</div>
<div class="column">
<img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/ocean.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/mountainskies.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
</div>
<div class="column">
<img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/falls2.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/nature.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/mist.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/paris.jpg" style="width:100%">
</div>
<div class="column">
<img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/ocean.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/wedding.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/mountainskies.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/rocks.jpg" style="width:100%">
<img src="/w3images/underwater.jpg" style="width:100%">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Fleksibel hjemmeside
I dette eksempel bruger vi medieforespørgsler sammen med flexbox til at skabe en responsiv hjemmeside, der indeholder en fleksibel navigationslinje og fleksibelt indhold.
Eksempel
Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Style the body */
body {
font-family: Arial;
margin: 0;
}
/* Header/logo Title */
.header {
padding: 60px;
text-align: center;
background: #1abc9c;
color: white;
}
/* Style the top navigation bar */
.navbar {
display: flex;
background-color: #333;
}
/* Style the navigation bar links */
.navbar a {
color: white;
padding: 14px 20px;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
}
/* Change color on hover */
.navbar a:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
color: black;
}
/* Column container */
.row {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
/* Create two unequal columns that sits next to each other */
/* Sidebar/left column */
.side {
flex: 30%;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Main column */
.main {
flex: 70%;
background-color: white;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Fake image, just for this example */
.fakeimg {
background-color: #aaa;
width: 100%;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Footer */
.footer {
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
background: #ddd;
}
/* Responsive layout - when the screen is less than 700px wide, make the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.row, .navbar {
flex-direction: column;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Note -->
<div style="background:yellow;padding:5px">
<h4 style="text-align:center">Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</h4>
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<h1>My Website</h1>
<p>With a <b>flexible</b> layout.</p>
</div>
<!-- Navigation Bar -->
<div class="navbar">
<a href="#">Link</a>
<a href="#">Link</a>
<a href="#">Link</a>
<a href="#">Link</a>
</div>
<!-- The flexible grid (content) -->
<div class="row">
<div class="side">
<h2>About Me</h2>
<h5>Photo of me:</h5>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
<p>Some text about me in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim..</p>
<h3>More Text</h3>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit ame.</p>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div><br>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div><br>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:60px;">Image</div>
</div>
<div class="main">
<h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
<h5>Title description, Dec 7, 2017</h5>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
<p>Some text..</p>
<p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
<br>
<h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
<h5>Title description, Sep 2, 2017</h5>
<div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
<p>Some text..</p>
<p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<h2>Footer</h2>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Orientering: Portræt/Landskab
Medieforespørgsler kan også bruges til at ændre layout på en side afhængigt af browserens orientering.
Du kan have et sæt CSS-egenskaber, der kun vil gælder, når browservinduet er bredere end dets højde, et såkaldt "Landskab" orientering:
Eksempel
Brug en lyseblå baggrundsfarve, hvis orienteringen er i liggende tilstand:
@media only screen and (orientation:
landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
background-color: lightgreen;
}
@media only screen and (orientation: landscape) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Resize the browser window. When the width of this document is larger than the height, the background color is "lightblue", otherwise it is "lightgreen".</p>
</body>
</html>
Min bredde til maks. bredde
Du kan også bruge (max-width: ..) og (min-width: ..) værdier for at indstille en minimumsbredde og en maksimal bredde.
For eksempel, når browserens bredde er mellem 600 og 900px, skal du ændre udseendet af et <div>-element:
Eksempel
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px) {
div.example {
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Change the appearance of DIV on different screen sizes</h2>
<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>
<p>When the browser's width is between 600 and 900px, change the appearance of DIV.
<strong>Resize the browser window to see the effect</strong>.</p>
</body>
</html>
Brug af en ekstra værdi: I eksemplet nedenfor tilføjer vi en ekstra medieforespørgsel til vores allerede eksisterende ved hjælp af et komma (dette vil opføre sig som en ELLER-operator):
Eksempel
/* When the width is between 600px and 900px OR above 1100px
- change the appearance of <div> */
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width:
600px), (min-width:
1100px) {
div.example {
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}Prøv det selv →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) and (min-width: 600px), (min-width: 1100px) {
div.example{
font-size: 50px;
padding: 50px;
border: 8px solid black;
background: yellow;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Change the appearance of DIV on different screen sizes</h2>
<div class="example">Example DIV.</div>
<p>When the browser's width is between 600 and 900px OR above 1100px, change the appearance of DIV.
<strong>Resize the browser window to see the effect</strong>.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS @media Reference
For en fuld oversigt over alle medietyper og funktioner/udtryk, se venligst @media-reglen i vores CSS-reference.
Tip: For at lære mere om responsivt webdesign (hvordan man målretter mod forskellige enheder og skærme), ved hjælp af medieforespørgselsbrudpunkter, kan du læse vores Responsive Web Design-vejledning.